Geranium Essential Oil

 

Geranium Essential Oil (CAS 8000-46-2, INCI name -distilled essential oil standardized to rhodinol 30%, geraniol 16%-26%, distilled from Pelargonium graveolens leaves. Baisifu supplies food-grade, BP/USP and Ph.Eur. equivalent batches from a Xi’an facility, with every drum shipped with a COA, allergen declaration and IFRA documentation.

Botanical identity and chemistry

Geranium Essential Oil is the steam-distilled volatile oil obtained from the fresh leaves and stems of Pelargonium graveolens L’Her., a perennial shrub of the Geraniaceae family cultivated in China for its rose-like scent. The oil is dominated by citronellol and geraniol, two acyclic monoterpene alcohols, together with their ester geranyl formate and the rhodinol fraction; the citronellol-geraniol balance gives geranium oil its sweet, floral-rosy character that makes it the classic rose extender in perfumery.

Distillation and standardisation

Leaves and stems are harvested, lightly wilted and charged to stainless-steel stills for steam distillation at atmospheric pressure. The crude oil is decanted, dried and standardised in-house to a minimum of 30 percent rhodinol and 16 to 26 percent geraniol by GC-MS against pharmacopoeial reference standards. Baisifu does not dilute with synthetic citronellol or blend in palmarosa oil; every drum is single-botanical-source P. graveolens oil.

Active profile by GC-MS

Beyond the two principal markers, the GC-MS fingerprint carries a reproducible secondary cast of citronellyl formate, geranyl formate, linalool, isomenthone and trace menthone. Baisifu records the full chromatogram on each COA; the citronellol-to-geraniol ratio and the formate ester content are the metrics that distinguish Bourbon-type geranium from Chinese-type, and both are printed on every COA so buyers can confirm the provenance.

Physical and sensory behaviour

The oil is a clear, mobile, pale-yellow to greenish-yellow liquid with a density near 0.89 g/cm3, a refractive index around 1.465 at 20 degrees Celsius and a boiling point in the 200 to 250 degree range. Its odour is a sweet, floral-rosy top-to-heart note with a faint minty-herbaceous undertone and a persistent dry-down; in perfumery it is a versatile heart-note material that blends with floral, citrus, herbaceous and woody accords and is the standard rose extender used to stretch costly rose absolute.

Typical applications

Geranium Essential Oil enters the following formulation workflows:

• fine fragrance and functional perfumery
• skin-care and cosmetic botanicals
• floral soap and bath products
• aromatherapy and wellness blends
• botanical insect repellents
• flavour modifier in confectionery

Formulation and blending notes

The oil is miscible with ethanol and fixed oils and soluble in propylene glycol at typical use levels. Geranium has no significant phototoxicity and carries a relatively wide IFRA margin, which makes it a preferred material for leave-on skin formats. The citronellol and geraniol content can oxidise on prolonged air exposure, so nitrogen blanketing and air-protected storage are used; the peroxide value is monitored and flagged on the COA.

COA and batch documentation

Each drum ships with a Certificate of Analysis carrying the GC-MS chromatogram, rhodinol and geraniol assay, peroxide value, specific gravity, refractive index, heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg) and pesticide residue screen. An allergen declaration, an IFRA conformity statement and a Statement of Origin complete the pack, giving QC and regulatory teams a single-shipment document set.

Regulatory and compliance

Citronellol is listed as FEMA GRAS 2309 and geraniol as FEMA GRAS 2507; geranium oil is generally recognised as safe in flavour and fragrance applications. The oil is permitted under the IFRA Code of Practice with a relatively wide margin for leave-on skin formats. Under EU CLP the concentrated oil is classified as hazardous (flammable liquid category 3, aspiration toxicant category 1, skin sensitiser category 1), so Hazmat labelling and UN 1993 shipping names apply for bulk movement.

Packaging, storage and supply

Geranium Essential Oil is filled into 180 kg HDPE drums or 50 kg sample drums, nitrogen-blanketed and sealed under COA. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight; the recommended storage temperature is 15 to 25 degrees Celsius with a shelf life of 24 months from manufacture in original sealed packaging. Baisifu ships ex-Xi’an, MOQ 50 kg for sample development and 1,000 kg and above for production orders; standard lead time 7 to 15 days depending on batch availability, with express air freight on request.

Questions buyers ask

What rhodinol and geraniol levels can you guarantee?

The standardised grade is assayed by GC-MS to a minimum of 30 percent rhodinol and 16 to 26 percent geraniol against pharmacopoeial reference standards; the exact figures and the full secondary fingerprint are printed on the COA of every drum.

Is this Bourbon-type or Chinese-type geranium?

Baisifu supplies Chinese-type geranium oil; the citronellol-to-geraniol ratio and the formate ester content, printed on every COA, distinguish it from Bourbon-type. The two are olfactorily related but not identical; state if a Bourbon profile is required and we will advise availability.

Can you supply a rose-extender grade?

Yes. The standardised rhodinol and geraniol levels make this grade a direct rose extender for rose absolute and rose otto in floral compositions; the citronellol floor supports the rosy character without the need for synthetic citronellol addition.

Need specifications, COA, or a wholesale quote? Contact Baisifu — typical response within 24 hours.